Which type of mortgage creates a real right upon proper registration with the Registry of Property?

• A. Pledge
• B. Chattel mortgage
• C. Real estate mortgage
• D. Antichresis

Answer: (C)

Real estate mortgage is the security on land and buildings that becomes a real right against the property itself once properly registered with the Registry of Property. This registration gives the creditor priority and notice against third parties, and it enables foreclosure on the property if the debtor defaults. The other options involve movable property or different arrangements: a pledge is typically possession-based and does not create a real right on land; a chattel mortgage applies to movable property and, while it can create a real right, it is not perfected in the Registry of Property; antichresis is a special arrangement where rents from the property are used to satisfy the debt and does not establish the land as a secured real right in the same way.